Topography , soil , climate , population

​1 . Geographic location :

     Dong Nai Province is located in the Southeast region of Vietnam , land connecting the southern , south central and south poles Highlands . Dong Nai Province is located in south eastern North Pole , from geographic coordinates to 11o34'57 10o30'03 '' North latitude and longitude from 106o45'30 to 107o35'00 East .

     Dong Nai has an area of ​​5862.37 km2 , 1.76 % of the natural area and 25.5 % of the country's natural area of ​​the South East region , holds an important position in the economic development of the key South of the country .

Dong Nai bordered by the provinces of Binh Thuan province east by the west of Ho Chi Minh City , the northwest provinces of Binh Duong , Binh Phuoc province in southern Ba Ria - Vung Tau , Lam Dong province north .

     Currently, there are 173 wards in Dong Nai provinces , communes and towns . Among them :

     - Bien Hoa City has 23 wards , 07 communes .

     - Long Khanh town has 06 wards , 09 communes .

     - Tan Phu district has 01 towns , 17 communes .

     - Dinh Quan district has 01 towns , 13 communes

     - Xuan Loc district has 01 towns , 14 communes .

     - Cam My district has 13 communes .

     - Long Thanh district has 01 towns , 18 communes .

     - Nhon Trach district has 12 communes .

     - Thong Nhat district has 10 communes .

     - Trang Bom district has 01 towns , 16 communes .

     - Vinh Cuu district has 01 towns , 09 communes .

     The results of the population census and the 2009 population of 2,483,211 people in Dong Nai , including 1,232,182 men and 1,252,029 women . Thus, Dong Nai province populous 5th of Vietnam , the second largest city of the province South East . Population density in proportion to 421 persons / km 2 . There are over 30 ethnic groups live.

     Dong Nai has a very important position , as the eastern gateway city of Ho Chi Minh City - a major economic center of the south , connecting South Central , West South Central entire Southeast region by the line arteries as national Highway 1A , Highway 51 and the railway Thong Nhat ... so , Dong Nai is considered as " strategic hinge " between the four regions of the southern provinces . It is not only a critical role in economic development , but also have special meaning to combine economic and national security environment of the southern key economic .

     2 . Terrain:

     Dong Nai Province terrain plains and plains with the mountain remains scattered , tend to lower from north to south . Can distinguish the major terrain types as follows:

     - Plain topography consists of 2 main types : The river steps from 5 to 10 meters high or where only 2 to 5 meters high along the river and forming narrow strips of width varies from a few tens of meters to several kilometers . Land on this terrain mostly alluvial modern .

     - The Center of marsh sediments on the sea : the lowlands of Dong Nai province with high levels ranged from 0.3 to 2m , with room below sea level , regular tidal inundation , river networks interlaced canals , mangroves covered . Heterogeneous materials with clay and organic matter deposition .

     - Type of place wavy hills : from 20 to 200 m elevation . Includes basalt hills , the terrain is very flat surface , comfortable , gradient from 30 to 80 . Terrain occupies an area of ​​very large compared to other types of terrain covering most of the basalt blocks , old alluvial . Land allocation on this terrain including barren soil and gray soil .

     - In lower mountain : Includes mountain remains scattered and the last part of the Truong Son range with elevation changes from 200 - 800m . This topography is mainly distributed in the north of the boundary between the provinces of Phu Tan District , Lam Dong Province and a few mountain remains in Dinh Quan , Xuan Loc . All these mountains are high ( 20-300 ) , rock outcrops with rock clusters are mainly granite , shale .

     In general, the land of Dong Nai have relatively flat terrain , there are 82.09 % slope < 8o , 92 % slope < 15o , the slope > 15o accounts for about 8 % . Among them :

     Alluvial , sandy soil and Gley flat terrain , many areas flooded throughout the year . Soil black , brown , gray most of the slope < 8o , most red soil < 15o . Particularly thin layer soil and pumice slope .

     3 . The land categories :

     Dong Nai Province has abundant land and fertile . There are 10 major soil groups . However, the origin and quality of soil can be divided into the following three general groups :

     - Soils formed on basalt comprising pumice soil , black soil , red soil fertility high , accounting for 39.1 % of the natural area ( 229 416 ha ) , distributed in the north and northeast of the province . These soils are suitable for industrial plants short and long term , such as rubber , coffee, pepper ...

     - Soils formed on old alluvial and on shale comprises land , grayish brown , patchy accounted for 41.9 % of the natural area ( 246 380 ha ) , distributed in the southern , south -east of the province ( Vinh Cuu District , Unified , Bien Hoa , Long Thanh , Nhon Trach ) . These soils are usually less fertile , suitable for short-term crops such as beans, peas ... some fruit trees and perennial crops such as cashew ...

     - Soils formed on alluvial new , including : alluvial soils , sandy soils . Distributed mainly along rivers such as Dong Nai River , the La Nga . Good quality land suitable for crops as food crops , vegetables , fruit and vegetables ...

     4 . Climate :

     Dong Nai climate is tropical monsoon climate is equatorial , there are two contrasting seasons ( dry and rainy seasons ) . The dry season from December to March or April next year (about 5-6 months ) , the rainy season from May to November (about 6-7 months ) . Around the end of the rainy season ranges from early October to December .

The air temperature annual average from 25.7 to 26.7 oC . The degree of difference between the years is not large . The highest temperature difference between the hottest and coldest months is 4.2 oC .

     The average temperature in the dry season from 25.4 to 26.7 ° C , the difference between the highest month and the lowest month is 4.8 oC . The average temperature in the rainy season from 26 to 26.8 oC . Compared with the dry season , the amount of variation is not large, about 0.8 oC .

     Rainfall is relatively large and distributed by region and service . Tan Phu district , north of Dinh Quan district , Vinh Cuu district has the highest rainfall , on 2.500mm/nam . The dry season , total rainfall from 210-370 mm accounted for 12-145 rainfall of the year . The rainy season , rainfall from 1500-2400 mm , accounting for 86-88 % of the rainfall year . Distribution of rainfall decreases from north to south and from between the east and west sides of Dong Nai .

     5.Dan number and composition of the population in Dong Nai :

     Dong Nai Province is a region with ethnic composition tools are quite large . According to statistics , there are over 30 ethnic groups living here through many historical periods . Before 1698 , the Vietnamese and the Chinese had to land in Bien Hoa - Dong Nai living but not much . The residents are considered native Choro , MA, Koho ​​, Xtieng .

     Since the Mini Power Nguyen Huu Canh Nguyen lords obeyed , trade to the Southern Strategy in 1698 , he arranged for the administrative management of the land and recruit people on here from central clearing . Dong Nai Population growth is increasing at the policy level to boost exploration of the southern Nguyen , reflected by the increase of the villages , hamlets and upgrade the overall level administrative unit , district .

     From 1698 to now , there are 5 great immigration waves of immigrants sources to Dong Nai as population growth and residential components . That's exodus from the central provinces ( Quang Ngu area ) to Dong Nai reclamation policy of the Nguyen Dynasty ; waves fade northern , central to the work load of rubber plantations in the area Dong Nai decades 30 , 40 XX century ; batch migration north fellow Catholics after Geneva Agreement - ne - Maldives in 1954 , waves of immigrants from southern urban areas to build new economic zones in Dong Nai in 1975 , the people round the northern provinces under the state plan to build Dong Nai new life the last decades of the twentieth century .

     In addition, the large apartment move on , in every period of history , there are some cases in populations also a fairly large living Dong Nai to find a variety of reasons , different circumstances as to avoid persecution U.S. government - Diem , or move in move mode of the U.S. soldiers Diem (1954 - 1975) , and many cases of community groups to move freely ... Each round of migrant population in the same Nai spike each period , the number of immigrants to tens of thousands of numbers on each phase .

     Following summarizes some of the resources that the situation for the population growth in the province of Dong Nai through historical landmarks : Phuoc Long district ( Bien Hoa old ) had 5,532 people ; 1808 , Bien Hoa town , government Phuoc Long had 10,600 people, has 20 841 people in 1832 , 1863 , Bien Hoa province has 31 381 people, in 1873 there are 59 568 people, in 1901 there are 102 941 people , in 1923 there are 132 165 people, in 1946 there are 202 570 people , in 1948 there are 221,000 people , there are 335 700 people in 1956 , has 487 178 people in 1963 , there are 650 435 people in 1972 , had 1,261 people in 1976 , there are 1,936,055 people in 1996 and 2005, 2.2189 million people . Rate from 30.8 % in 2005 to see the urban population living Kinh accounted for 91.4 % of the population followed by Chinese and other ethnic groups . Ethnicity Choro , MA, Xtieng , Koho ​​is considered the natives .

     Dong Nai province's population in 2009 was : 2,483,211 people . Currently, Dong Nai province with ethnic groups classified by population from high to low are : Vietnam ( accounting for the largest number ) , followed by Chinese , Nung , Tay, Choro , Dao , Muong , Khmer , Cham , Stieng , Thai , Koho ​​, San Diu , Turkey and some other ethnic groups such as Hmong , Giarai , He , Ede , Bana , HRE , Raglai , Bru Van Kieu , shoes, Katu , GieTrieng , Ta Oi , Resistance , Hot Mun , Chu ru , Lao , La Chi , La Ha , Phu La , Arrays , Bo Y , Si la , Pu Peo ... but not a significant amount .​